Agama Menjadi Instrument Kekuasaan: Analisis Konflik Hindu-Muslim Di India Pasca Naiknya Narendra Modi
Keywords:
Hindutva, Narendra Modi, Primordialisme, Instrumentalisme, Konstruktivisme.Abstract
Konflik antara komunitas Hindu dan Muslim di India mengalami eskalasi signifikan sejak naiknya Narendra Modi sebagai Perdana Menteri pada tahun 2014. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif berbasis studi pustaka (library research) dengan pendekatan analisis wacana kritis untuk mengeksplorasi dinamika konflik tersebut. Kerangka teori yang digunakan merujuk pada model Hasenclever & Rittberger (2000), yang mencakup perspektif primordialist, instrumentalist, dan constructivist. Melalui pendekatan ini, artikel menganalisis bagaimana agama berfungsi tidak hanya sebagai sumber identitas, tetapi juga sebagai instrumen politik dan konstruksi sosial yang dipolitisasi. Pendekatan instrumentalist menyoroti bagaimana elite politik, khususnya Partai Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), memanfaatkan retorika dan kebijakan berbasis agama untuk kepentingan elektoral dan konsolidasi kekuasaan melalui ideologi Hindutva. Sementara itu, pendekatan constructivist menjelaskan bagaimana identitas keagamaan dan narasi nasionalisme Hindu dibentuk melalui pendidikan, media, dan simbol-simbol negara yang secara sistematis mengeksklusi Muslim dari wacana kebangsaan. Dengan demikian, artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa konflik keagamaan di India kontemporer bukan semata pertentangan iman, melainkan produk rekayasa politik dan sosial yang saling melanggengkan.
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